MacBain's Dictionary - Section 1
- airchios
- pity, clemency (Hend.):
See oircheas.
- aircill
- to watch, listen, Irish aircill;
See faircill.
- aircleach
- a cripple; *airc-lach, from
airc, q.v.
- àird
- point (of the compass), Irish áird,
Early Irish aird,
Greek
@Ga@'/rdis, a
point. Hence Scottish airt.
- àird
- preparation, activity.
- àirde
- height, Irish áirde,
Early Irish arde;
See àrd.
- àirdeil
- ingenious:
- aire
- heed, Irish,
Old Irish aire, Old.Brit. Areanos, native watchers who
gave intimation to the Romans (Ammianus), pre-Celtic parjâ,
par, seek;
Greek
@Gpeîra, trial; Latin ex-perior, English experiment.
- àireach
- keeper of cattle. There is confusion in Gaelc between
àireach and
Old Irish aire(ch), lord; the bó-aire, cow-lord, was
the free tenant of ancient Ireland. For
Old Irish
aire,
See airidh.
Gaelic àireach owes its long vowel to a confusion with
àrach, rear.
See àiridh for root.
- àireamh
- number, so Irish,
Old Irish áram, Welsh eirif, *ad-rîm-, Celtic
rîmâ, number; Anglo-Saxon rîm, number, English rhyme; Greek
@ga@'riqmós, number.
- airean
- ploughman, herdsman; Irish oireamh, g. oiramhan, ploughman,
the mythic Eremon, Airem(on), *arjamon-, Sanskrit
Arjaman, further Aryan(?); root
àr, plough.
- ++airfid
- music, harmony; oirfid.
- airgiod
- silver, so Irish,
Old Irish arget, Welsh ariant, Breton arc'hant, Gail.
Argento-, Argento-coxus (a Caledonian prince): Latin argentum;
Greek
@Ga@'/rguros. English argent is from the Latin.
- àiridh
- better àirigh, hill pasture, sheiling
(airghe, in Lh. for
Gaelic); cf. Early Irish airge, áirge, place where cows are, dairy,
herd of cattle; Early Irish airgech, herdswoman of Brigit; Irish
airghe, pl. áiríghe (O'Br.),
a herd of cattle; airgheach, one
who has many herds; *ar-egia; Latin armentum? But
See àrach, rear.
Norse or Danish erg from Gaelic equals Norse
setr (Ork. Sag.). This Norse form proves the identity of
Gaelic with Early Irish airge; airge=ar-agio, *agio, herd.
- airidh
- worthy, Irish airigh (Ulster), airigh, nobleman
(O'Br.),
Old Irish
aire(ch), primas, lard; Sanskrit árya, good, a lord;
ârya, Aryan,
âryaka, honourable man. *parei?
- airilleach
- a sleepy person; from ++aireal, bed,
Middle Irish aired (O'C.):
- airleag
- leng, Irish airligim,
Old Irish airliciud, lending; from
leig, let,
which is allied to English loan, Gothic leihvan, German leihen.
See leig.
- airleas
- pledge, earnest, arles; from Scottish arles, older erles, which,
through
Old French, comes from Latin *arrhula, dim. of arrha,
pledge. English earnest, whence Welsh ernes, is probably from the
same origin.
See eàrlas.
- airleig
- a strait:
- airmis
- hit;
See eirmis.
- àirne
- a sloe, so Irish,
Middle Irish arni, sloes, Welsh eirin, plums, Breton irinenn,
sloe, Celtic arjanio- (Stokes); Sanskrit aran@.i, tinder-stick
"premna spinosa", aran@.ka, forest.
- àirneach
- murrain in cattle:
- airneis,
àirneis
- (M`L. & D.),
furniture; Irish áirneis, cattle, goods,
etc.,
Middle Irish airnis, tools, furniture. The word can hardly
be separated from the Romance arnese, accotrements,
armour, whence English harness, armour for man or horse. The
word is originally of Brittonic origin (Breton harnez, armour),
from *eisarno-, iron;
See iarunn.
- airtein
- a pebble, so Irish,
Early Irish arteini (pl.),
Old Irish art; possibly
Gaulish arto- (Arto-briga), Artemia, name of a rock.
- airtneal,
airsneal
- weariness:
- àis
- milk (Carm.),
Middle Irish
as (O'Dav.).
- àis
- wisdom (Carm.),
ais (
O'Cl.)
See
cnoc (
Carm.).
- ais
- back, backwards; so Irish,
Early Irish aiss, daraaiss, backwards; Gaelic
air ais. The forms ais,
rithisd rìs,
thairis,
seem compounds
from the root sta, sto, stand;
cf.
fois,
bhos,
ros; ais may be
for ati-sta-, or ati-sti-. Ascoli refers ais to an unaccented
form of
éis, track,
which is used after tar and di (di a éis, post
eum;
See déis) for "after,
post", but not for "back", as is
air ais, with verbs of rest or motion.
- aisead
- delivery (obstetrical),
Early Irish asait, vb. ad-saiter, is delivered;
*ad-sizd-; Latin si@-do, assi@-dere, a reduplication of the root
sed,
of suidhe, q.v.
From ad-sem-t, root sem as in
taom
(Stokes).
- aiseag
- a ferry, Irish aiseog (Fol.):
- aiseal
- axle; it seems borrowed from English axle, Norse öxull, but
the Welsh echel, Breton ahel, *aksila, makes its native origin
possible, despite the absence of the word in Irish.
- aiseal
- jollity (
Sh.,
Arms.);
See aisteach.
- aisean
- rib, Irish,
Early Irish asna, Welsh eisen, asen, Cornish asen; cf. Latin
assula, splinter, asser, beam (Stokes). Formerly it was
referred to the same origin as Latin
os, ossis, bone,
Greek
@Go@'stéon,
but the root vowel and meaning are both unfavourable to
this etymology.
- aisearan
- weanling (Argyle); from
ais?
- aisg
- a request (Sh.),
Early Irish ascid; *ad-skv-, root seq., as in
sgeul,
q.v.
- aisgeir
- a ridge of high mountains, Irish eiscir, aisgeir
(Lh. for
latter); *ad-sker-(?), as in English skerry,
Gaelic sgeir, q.v. Cf. Welsh
esgair (Meyer).
- aisig
- restore, so Irish,
Early Irish assec; possibly=*as-ic, "out-bring",
ic=enl;
See thig, come.
- aisir,
aisridh
- path;
See astar.
- aisith
- strife; as-sìth, as-, privative, and
sìth, q.v.
- aisling
- a vision, dream, so Irish,
Old Irish aislinge; possibly *ex-líng-ia,
"a jump out of one-self, ec-stasy", the root being leng of
leum, q.v.
Nigra suggested the root
sil, or sell of
seall, see,
q.v.; he divided the word as as-sil-inge, Stokes as ad-sell-angia
(Beiträge, Vol. VIII)
- aisneis
- rehearsing, tattle,
Early Irish same,
Old Irish áisndísl aisnédim, I
relate; (as-ind-fiad-im,
Old Irish in-fiadim, I relate); fiad=veid,
know;
See innis; root vet,
Latin veto (Stokes), but this does
not account for í of
Old Irish aisndís.
- aisteach
- a diverting fellow, Irish aisdeach, witty:
- ait
- glad, Irish,
Early Irish ait,
Old Irish ait, euge! adverbium optantis:
- àite
- a place, Irish,
Early Irish áit. Possibly Celtic po@-d-ti, *panti? root
po@-d, ped, Latin oppidum,
Greek
@Gpédon, ground, Sanskrit padám, place;
as in eadh, q.v.
Stokes has referred áit to the root that
appears in German ort, place, Norse oddr,
Old English ord, point,
Teutonic uzd-, Indo-European uzdh-; but this in Gaelic would give
ud
or
od.
- àiteag
- a shy girl,
See faiteach.
- aiteal
- breeze, ray, small portion. In the sense of "ray", cf. Greek
@Ga@'ktís, ray; in the sense of "quantulum", it may be divided
as ad-tel,
Old Breton attal, an equivalent, root tel, weight, money;
See tuarasdal. actualis?
- aiteam
- a people, a tribe (Arms.):
- aiteamh
- a thaw; *aith-ta@--m, Welsh toddi, melt; Latin tabes; Greek
@Gtc/kw, melt; English thaw. The Irish word is tionadh (Old Irish
tinaid, evanescit), Manx tennue, the root of which is ten, Latin
tener, English thin.
- aith-
- "re-";
See ath-.
- aitheamh
- fathom,
Old Welsh atem, filum; *(p)etemâ; English fathom;
Indo-European pet, extend, Latin pateo, etc.
- aithinne
- fire-brand, Irish,
Old Irish aithinne: *aith-tén-io-? Root of
teine? The root and, kindle, as in
Old Irish andud, accendere,
adandad, lighting up, is also possible, *aith-and-io- being the
form in that case.
amhailte (Glen-moriston).
- aithis
- a reproach, affront, so Irish,
Old Irish athiss; *ati-vid-tu-; Gothic
idveit, English twit; root vid, wit, know.
- aithlis
- a disgrace; cf.
leas in leas-mhac.
- aithne
- knowledge, so Irish,
Old Irish, aithgne, Welsh adwaen: ati-gn-io- for
Irish; Indo-European gen, gna@-, gno@-, to know; Latin cognosco;
Greek
@Ggignw/skw;
English know.
- àithne
- command, Irish,
Old Irish
aithne, depositum, command; immánim,
delego, assign; Welsh adne, custody; the root seems to be a@-n
or
an, judging from verbal forms, though these scarcely
agree with the noun forms.
See tiomnadh further.
- aithreach
- repentant, so Irish,
Old Irish aithrech, Cornish edreck, repentance,
Breton azrec (do.), *ati-(p)reko-, *ati-(p)rekiâ; root, prek,
Latin precor, German fragen, ask, etc. Ascoli makes the root reg,
come (see rach).
- aithris
- tell so Irish *ati-ris,
Early Irish ris, a story, *rt-ti, rat, re@-t,
German rede, speech, Gothic rathjo, speak, Latin ratio. Cf.
Old Irish
airissim, from iss.
- àitidh
- damp:
- aitionn
- juniper, Irish aiteann,
Old Irish aitenn, Welsh aith, eithin, Cornish
eythinen,
Old Breton ethin (gl. rusco), *akto-, Indo-European root ak, sharp,
Latin acidus, English acid, edge,
Greek a@'/kros, extreme, etc. The
nearest words are Lithuanian ákstinas, sting,
Church Slavonic ostinu. Also
aiteal. *at-tenn-, "sharp bush or tree"; from root
at, sharp,
Early Irish aith, sharp, *atti-, atto-. For -tenn,
see caorrunn. Cf.
Irish
teine, furze.
- aitreabh
- a building, Irish aitreibh,
Early Irish aittreb, Welsh adref, homewards,
Gaulish Atrebates; *ad-treb-, the Celtic root treb corresponding
to Latin tribus, English thorpe.
- àl
- brood, Irish ál, Welsh ael, al: *(p)aglo-;
cf. Latin propâgo, English
propogate. Hence àlaire, brood mare.
German adel, nobility.
- àlach
- a brood, set, bank of oars (M`E.):
- àlach
- nails: *a@-l-lach, a@-l-, from (p)agl-, Latin pa@-lus, stake; root
pag, pa@-g, fasten, whence
Greek
@Gpc/gnumi, Latin pango, fix, English
page.
- alachag,
alachuin
-
See ealachainn.
- àlainn
- beautiful, Irish áluin,
Old Irish álaind; *ad-lainn;
See loinn.
Stokes prefers referring it to áil, pleasant, *pagli-,
English
fair,
root pag. But ra-laind, pleasant, *ad-pland (Holden).
- all-
- over;
See thall.
- allaban
- wandering:
- allail
- noble,
Middle Irish all, aill, *al-no-s, root al, as in Latin altus.
- alladh
- fame (either good or bad), Irish alladh, excellency, fame,
Early Irish allud;
See allail.
- allaidh
- fierce, wild, Irish allta,
Old Irish allaid; possibly from
all-,
over, the idea being "foreign, barbarous, fierce";, cf. Welsh
allaidd of like meanings, from Welsh all, other.
See
allmharach.
- allmharach
- a foreigner, foreign, fierce; Irish allmharach, foreigner,
transmarine; Early Irish allmarach. From
all-, beyond, and
muir, sea, "transmarine" (K.Meyer).
- allsadh
- a jerk, suspending, leaning to one side;
See abhsadh.
- allsmuain
- a float, great buoy:
- allsporag
- cow's throttle (M`A.);
See abhsporag.
- allt
- a stream, Irish
alt, height , (topographically) glen-side or cliff,
Old Irish
alt, shore, cliff,
Old Welsh allt, cliff, Cornish als, Breton aot, shore;
all allied to Latin altus. The Gaelic form and meaning are
are plssibly of Pictish origin.
- all-tapadh
- mishap, ill-luck (Wh.); mischance: from
all- and
tapadh.
- alm
- alum; from the English.
- almsadh
- charity (Hend.),
Middle Irish almsain.
- alp
- also ealp (Wh.), ingraft, join closely together: alp in tinkers'
Irish, a job of work, hill; ealp=Scottish imper, graft.
- alt
- joint, Irish,
Early Irish alt, *(p)alto-s; root pel, whence English fold,
Norse, faldr, German falz, groove;
Greek -plásios, doubled, for
plátios.
"air alt"= in order that (Wh.).
- altach
- a grace (at food), Irish altughadh,
Old Irish attlugud, rendering
thanks, atluchur bude, I give thanks: *ad-tlukôr, root, tluq;
Lithuanian tulkas, interpreter; Latin loquor for tloquor.
- altair
- altar, Irish,
Old Irish altóir, Welsh allor, Cornish altor,
Breton auter; from
Latin altare, altar, "high place".
- altrum
- fostering, Irish altrom,
Old Irish altram, Welsh alltraw, sponsor;
root al, nourish, whence Latin alo, Gothic alan, grow, English old.
- àm
- time Irish am, pl. amanna,
Early Irish am, *ammen-, from *at-s-men-,
root
at, Got
- am-,
amh-
- privative prefix; this is the labialised form of
an-, q.v.; and
being labialised, it is also aspirated into amh-. The forms
before "small" vowels in the subsequent syllable are aim-,
aimh-.
- amach
- vulture, so Irish:
- amadan
- fool, Irish amadán: am+ment-, "non-minded",
Celtic root ment
(dearmad,
farmad, etc.), mind; Latin mens, menti-s, English
mind, etc. The shorter root men is found
in meanmna.
- amail
- mischief; Early Irish admillim, I destroy:
ad+
mill, q.v.
- amail
- hindrance:
ad+
mall; q.v.
But Norse hamla, hinder.
- amal
- swingle-tree; *ad-mol;
mol, a beam, especially "a mill
shaft",
Early Irish
mol. Cf. Norse hamla, oar-loop.
- amar
- channel, mill lead; Early Irish ammor, ammbur, a trough,
*amb-or-; Gaulish ambes, rivos, rivers, Ambris, river name;
Latin imber;
Greek
@Go@'/mbos, rain; Sanskrit ambu, water. Zimmer
considers the Irish borrowed from Anglo-Saxon ámber, amphora, German
eimer; but the Gaelic meaning is distinctly against his
theory. A borrowing from Latin amphora is liable to the same
objection.
- amarlaich
- blustering (M`A.):
- amarlaid
- blustering female; not
amarlaich.
- amart
- need (
Hend.).
Hend. now questions it, aimbeairt.
- amas
- hitting,
Old Irish ammus, an aim:
*ad-mes-;
See eirmis.
- amasguidh,
amsgith
- profane, impure: *ad-mesc-id-, "mixed";
See measg.
- amh
- raw, Irish amh,
Early Irish om, Welsh of; root om, o@-m, whence Greek
@Gw@'mós; Gothic amsa; Sanskrit amsas.
- amhach
- neck: *om-âk-â; Latin humerus, shoulder (*om-es-os);
Greek
@Gw@'@nmós; Gothic amsa; Sanskrit amsas.
- amhailte
- large ember of wood (Glen-moriston).
- amhain
- entanglement by the neck (M`A.);
from amhach.
- a mhàin
- only, Irish amháin,
Early Irish amáin; cf.
Old Irish nammá (Welsh
namyn, but?) = nan-n-má "ut non sit major" (?). The main
root is má or mó, more, with the negative, but the exact
explanation is not easy; "no more than"(?).
amháin =a-(apo)+màin,
*mani;
Greek
@Gmános, spärlich,
@Gmonos
(St.Z.).
- amhainn
- river; better abhainn, q.v.
- amhaltach
- vexing;
See aimheal.
- amhan
- a marsh, or
lòn (Glen-moriston).
- amharc
- looking, seeing; so Irish,
Middle Irish amarc, amharc =a-(apo)+marc,
German merken, perhaps Lith. mérkti, wink, blink (St.).
Roots
marc,
marg.
- amhartan
- luck, Irish amhantur, abhantur, from French aventure, English
adventure.
- amharus
- suspicion, so Irish,
Old Irish amairess, infidelitas, am+iress,
the latter meaning "faith";
Old Irish iress=air-ess, and *ess is
from *sistâ, standing, root stâ, stand, reduplicated;
cf. Latin
sisto, etc. The whole word, were it formed at once, would
look like *am-(p)are-sistâ, or *am-are-sistâ.
- amhas,
amhusg
- wild man, beast man; Irish
amhas, a wild man,
madman; Early Irish amos, amsach, a mercenary soldier, servant.
Conchobar's amsaig, or mercenaries, in the Early Irish saga of
Deirdre, appear misunderstood as our amhusgan, monsters;
there is probably a reminiscence of the Norse "bear-sarks".
Borrowed from Gaulish Latin ambactus (=servus, Festus), through
*ambaxus; Cæsar says of the Gaulish princes: "Circum se
ambactos clientesque habent".
The roots are ambi- (see mu)
and
ag, go lead (see
aghaidh).
Hence many words, as English
ambassador, German amt, official position, etc. Ir.J., 154, 156,
has
amhas, in Gaelic force.
- àmhgar
- affliction, Irish amhgar;
am-(not) +gar; cf.
Old Irish ingir,
tristia, from gáire, risus.
See gàir, laughter, for root.
Early Irish so-gar, do-gar,
@G*hara (St.).
- amhladh
- distress, dismay (Hend.).
See amhluadh.
- amhlair
- fool, boor, silly talker or behaver (Arg.); Irish amhlóir,
Old Irish amlabar, mute;
from
am- (not) and
labhair, speak,
q.v. Cf. suilbhir.
- amhlaisg
- bad beer, taplash:
- amhluadh
- confusion, distress:
- amhra
- wonderful; *am-porios (St.),
@Ga@'/peiros.
- amhran
- song, Irish amhrán, abhrán,
Middle Irish ambrán, Manx, arrane;
See òran.
Cf. Irish
amhra, eulogy, especially in verse;
amhra,
famous (Lec. 69).
- amhsan
- (ansan), Dial osan, solan goose; from Latin anser?
- amhuil
- like, as, Irish amhluidh,
Old Irish
amail,
amal,
Old Welsh
amal,
Welsh
mal, Breton evel;
from a Celtic samali-, which appears in
samhail, q.v.
- amhuilt
- a trick, deceit
(H.S.D.,
M`E.
àmhuilt): Cf. aith-méla.
- àmhuinn
- oven, Irish òigheann; borrowed from English oven.
- amlach
- curled, amlag, a curl,
Middle Irish amlach, from the prep.
ambi-,
as in mu, q.v.
- amraidh,
àmraidh
- (
M`E.), cupboard, Irish amri (
O'Br.), Welsh almari;
all borrowed from English (Gaelic from Scottish aumrie?) ambry and
Middle English almarie, from
Old French almarie, from Latin armarium,
place of tools or arms, from arma.
- an,
a'
- the, Irish
an,
Old Irish in (mas. and fem.), a n- (neut.); a t-
appears before vowels in the nom. masc. (an t-athair), and it
is part of the article stem; a Celtic sendo-s (m.), sendâ (f.),
san (n.). Sendo-s is composed of two pronominal roots,
dividing into sen-do-; sen, judging by the neuter san, is a
fixed neuter nom. or acc. from the Celtic root se (Indo-European sjo,
beside
so-, allied to Anglo-Saxon se, the,
seó, now she.
The -do- of
sendo-s has been referred by Thurneysen and Brugmann to
the pron. root
to- (English tha-t,
Greek
@Gtó); it is suggested that
to-
may have degenerated into
do- before it was stuck to the
fixed form sen. Sen-to- could not, on any principle otherwise,
whether of accentuation or what not, produce the historical
forms. It is best to revert to the older etymology, and
refer
do- to the pronominal root appearing in the Latin fixed
cases (enclitic) -dam, -dem, (qui-dam, i-dem, etc.), the
Greek
@G
dé,
@G-de (as in
@Go@`/-de, this), Church Slavonic da, he.
The difference, then,
between
Greek
@Go@`/-de and Gaelic sen-do-s is this: the
Greek inflects
the first element (
@Go@`=
so) and keeps the
@G
de fixed, whereas
Gaelic reverses the matter by fixing the sen and inflecting the
do-; otherwise the roots are the same ultimatley, and used
for almost similar purposes.
- an
- in, Irish a n- (eclipsing),
Old Irish
i, i n-, Welsh yn,
Breton en; Latin in;
Greek
@Ge@'n; English in, etc. Generally it appears in the longer form
ann, or even as
ann an;
See ann.
- an
- interrogative particle, Irish
an,
Old Irish in; Latin
an; Gothic
an.
- an-
- negative prefix, Irish an-,
Old Irish, an-,
in-; Welsh, Cornish, Breton an-;
Celtic
an, Indo-European n@.-, Latin
in-,
Greek
@Ga@'-,
@Ga@'n-, English un-,
Sanskrit a-, an-,
etc. It appears before labials and liquids (save n) as am-,
aspirated to amh-; with consequent "small" vowels, it
becomes ain-, aim-, aimh-.
Before g, it becomes
ion-, as in
iongantas. Before c, t, s, the an- becomes
eu-
and the t and c
become medials (as in
beud,
breug,
feusag).
See also ana-.
- ana-
- negative prefix,
Old Irish
an-, sometimes aspirating; Gaelic
ana-creidimh, disbelief,
Old Irish ancretem, but ainfhior, untrue;
Middle Irish ainfhír. This suggests a Celtic anas-
for the first, and
ana- for the second, extensions of the previous
an-; cognate
are
Greek
@Ga@'\nis,
@Ga@'\neu, without; German ohne, Gothic inu, without.
- ana-,
an-,
ain-
- prefix of excess; Irish
an-, ain-,
Middle Irish
an-; Irish
aspirates where possible (not t, d, g), Gaelic does so rarely.
Allied are
Greek
@Ga@'na, up, Gothic ana, English on. Hence ana-barr,
excess; ain-neart, violence; ain-teas, excessive heat, etc.
- anabas
- dregs, refuse, also green, unripe stuff cut; from an-abaich.
- anabhiorach
- centipede, whitlow:
- anacail
- defend, save; Irish anacail, protection,
Early Irish anacul (do.).
This Ascoli refers to the same origin as adnacul;
See adhlac.
- anacair
- sickness, affliction, so Irish, an-shocair. Irish Jl. 156.
See acarach.
- anadas
- regret (M`D):
- anagna
- irregularity, unusualness (Hend.), ana-gnáth.
- anail
- breath, Irish and
Old Irish anál, Welsh anadl, anal, Cornish anal, Breton
alan, Celtic anatlâ;
an, breathe, Gothic anan, to breathe,
Sanskrit anila, wind.
See anam also.
- anainn
- eaves, top of house wall:
- anam
- soul, so Irish,
Old Irish anim (d. anmin), Cornish enef,
Middle Breton eneff,
Breton ene, Celtic animon- (Stokes); Latin animus, anima; Greek
@Ga@'/nemos, wind.
- anamaint
- lust, perversity (Hend.), ana+mèin.
- anart
- linen, Irish,
Early Irish anairt,
Old Irish annart, *an-arto-; root pan,
pa@-n; Latin pannus, cloth;
Greek penós, thread on the bobbin;
Gothic fana, cloth, Anglo-Saxon fana, small flag, English vane, fane.
- ànart
- pride:
- anasta
- stormy; *an-fadh-asta;
See ++anfadh, storm.
- ancachd
- adversity (Hend.):
- an dràsta
- now; for an-trâth-sa, "the time here", q.v.
- ++anfadh
- storm; proper Gaelic is onfhadh, q.v.
- anfhann
- weak, Irish anbhfann,
Middle Irish anbfann, anband; an+fann,
"excessive faint".
See fann.
- anlamh,
annlamh
- misfortune;
an-(not)+
lamh;
See ullamh for
lamh.
- ann
- there, Irish,
Old Irish and, *anda (Stokes); Cyprian Gr
@Ga@'/nda
(=
@Ga@'/utc, this, she); Lithuanian àndai, newly, àns, anà, ille, illa;
Church Slavonic onu@u, that; Sanskrit ana, this (he).
- ann,
ann an
- in, Irish
ann,
Early Irish ind,
Old Irish ind-ium (in me), Celtic
endo (Stokes); Latin endo, indu, into, in;
Greek
@Gc@'/ndon, within,
@Gc@'/ndoqen; English indo. The roots are en
(see an), in, and
do
(see do), to.
In ann an, the two prepositions
ann and
an
are used. The form anns is used before the article and
relative; the -s properly belongs to the article; anns an,
in the, is for ann san.
- ++annaid,
annoid
- a church,
Middle Irish annóit,
Old Irish andoóit, mother-church.
Stokes refers it to Late Latin antitas, for antiquitas,
"ancient church". In Scottish place-names it appears as
Annet, Clach na h-Annaid, etc. Cf. annone, church (O'Dav.),
from Hebrew.
- annaladh
- era, calendar, Irish analach, chronicle; from Latin annalia.
- annamh
- rare,
Middle Irish annam,
Early Irish andam; *an-dam-, "non-tame";
root dam, home, home, etc.; English domestic, tame. Hence
annas, rarity.
- annlamh
- vexation, etc.;
See anlamh.
- annlan
- condiment,
Early Irish annland, Welsh enllyn; possibly an+leann.
- annrach,
ànrach
- wanderer, stranger; either from *ann-reth-ach,
root reth, run (see ruith,
faondradh),
or from *an-rath-ach,
"unfortunate", root rath, luck, q.v.
- annrath
- distress, Irish anrath; an-rath;
See rath, luck. The
Early Irish andró appears to be of a different origin.
- annsa
- dearer, better liked, so Irish,
Middle Irish andsa, preferable:
- ao-
- privative prefix; for
eu-, this is for
an- (not), before c and t.
See an-.
- aobhach
- joyous;
See aoibhinn.
- aobhar
- cause, Irish adhbhar,
Old Irish adbar, *ad-bero-n; root ber, Indo-European
bher, whence Latin fero, English bear, etc.
- aobharrach
- a young person or beast of good promise, hobble-dehoy;
from
aobhar, material.
- aobrann
- ankle,
Old Irish odbrann, Welsh uffarn: *od-bronn, *ud-brunn-,
"out-bulge"; ud-=English out, and brunn-,
See brù, belly.
Stokes (Academy, June, 1892) makes od- to be for pod, foot,
Gr
@Gpoús,
@Gpod-ós, English foot, etc.
- aodach
- clothes, Irish eudach,
Old Irish étach, *ant-ac-os; root pan, as
in anart, q.v.
Cf. Lithuanian pinti, plait, twine, Church Slavonic pe@?ti, wind,
Latin pannus, etc. Strachan cfs. Alb. ent, int, weave, Greek
@Ga@'/ttomai, weave.
- aodann
- face, Irish éadan,
Old Irish étan, Celtic antano- (Stokes); Latin
ante;
Greek
@Ga@'vtí, against;
English and; Sanskrit ánti, opposite.
- aodraman
- bladder, Irish éadromán;
See aotrom.
- aog
- death;
See eug.
- aogas,
aogasg
- face, appearance,
Middle Irish écosg (O'Cl),
Old Irish écosc,
habitus, expression, *in-cosc;
See
caisg, check. Cf.
Old Irish
in-cho-sig, significat.
- aoghaire
- shepherd, so Irish,
Middle Irish aegaire,
Old Irish augaire, *ovi-gar-;
for ovi-, sheep,
see òisg.
The -gar- is allied to
Greek
@Ga@'geírw,
@Ga@'gorá, meeting place, market.
- aoibh
- civil look, cheerful face, Irish aoibh, pleasant, humour,
Early Irish
áeb,
Old Irish óiph, beauty, appearance, *aibâ (Thurneysen),
mien, look, Prov. French aib, good manners. Ascoli refers it to
the root of éibheall (q.v.),
a live coal, the underlying idea
being "shining, sheen". This would agree as to the original
force with taitinn, please, taitneach, pleasant.
- aoibhinn
- pleasant, joyful, so Irish,
Early Irish áibind, óibind. See
aoibh for root.
- aoideag
- hair-lace, fillet, from root of
aodach.
- aoigh
- guest, Irish aoidhe, pl. aoidheadha,
Old Irish óegi, pl. óegid,
*(p)oig-it; cf. the Teutonic *faig-iþ-, whence Norse feigr,
doomed to die, Anglo-Saxon fáege, doomed,
English fey (Schräder).
Stokes gives the Celtic as (p)oik-it, poik, whence English foe
(cf. Latin hostis, hospes); but the Gaelic gh of aoigh is against
this otherwise satisfactory derivation. As against Schräder's
etymology, might be put a reference to the form found in
Greek
@Goi@'/homai, go, Lithuanian eigà, going,
gurther root ei, go; the idea
being "journey-taker". Commonly misspelt aoidh.
- aoigh
- pleasant countenance, Irish
aoibh.
- aoine
- fast, , Friday, Irish aoine, Friday,
Old Irish oine, fast,
Breton iun; from Latin jejunium, a fast, fast-day, English jejune.
Stokes suggests
Greek
@Gpeináw, hunger, as cognate, making it
native: *poin-io-. Unlikely.
- aoineadh
- a steep brae with rocks, Manx eaynee, steep place:
- aoir
- a satire, Irish aor,
Early Irish áer,
Old Irish áir.
*aigrâ,
@Ga@'ishos, Gothic
aiviski: aigh (St.). Prellwitz gives
Greek and Gothic and root.
Ascoli refers this word and
Old Irish tatháir, reprehensio, to
tàir, q.v.
- aoir
- sheet or bolt-rope of a sail:
- aoirean,
airean
- ploughman, herdsman, Irish oireamh, g. oireamhan,
ploughman, the mythic Eremon, Airem(on), *arjamon-, Sanskrit
Arjaman, further Aryan(?); root
àr, plough.
- aoirneagan
- see aonagail.
- aois
- age, Irish aois,
Old Irish áes, áis, óis, Welsh oes, *aivestu-; Latin
@oevum, @oetas, English age;
Greek
@Gai@'és,
@Gai@'eí, always; English aye. From
*aie-tu, Latin oitor, utor,
@Gdí-aita (Th. St. Arch. 276).
- aol
- lime, Irish aol,
Old Irish áel: *aidlo-, from aidh, light, fire, Greek
@Gai@'qw, gleam (St.).
See Mackay.
- aolach
- dung, Irish aoileach,
Old Irish ailedu, etercora, Welsh add-ail,
eluvies. Ascoli compares
Old Irish áil, probrum, but this word
is probably cognate with Gothic agls, aglus, difficult, shameful,
and may not be allied to aolach.
- aolais
- indolence:
- aolmann
- ointment: founded on the English ointment. Cf.
iarmailt,
armailt.
- aom
- incline, Irish aomadh, inclining, attracting:
jtm