MacBain's Dictionary - Section 1

airchios

pity, clemency (Hend.): See oircheas.

aircill

to watch, listen, Irish aircill; See faircill.

aircleach

a cripple; *airc-lach, from airc, q.v.

àird

point (of the compass), Irish áird, Early Irish aird, Greek @Ga@'/rdis, a point. Hence Scottish airt.

àird

preparation, activity.

àirde

height, Irish áirde, Early Irish arde; See àrd.

àirdeil

ingenious:

aire

heed, Irish, Old Irish aire, Old.Brit. Areanos, native watchers who gave intimation to the Romans (Ammianus), pre-Celtic parjâ, par, seek; Greek @Gpeîra, trial; Latin ex-perior, English experiment.

àireach

keeper of cattle. There is confusion in Gaelc between àireach and Old Irish aire(ch), lord; the bó-aire, cow-lord, was the free tenant of ancient Ireland. For Old Irish aire, See airidh. Gaelic àireach owes its long vowel to a confusion with àrach, rear. See àiridh for root.

àireamh

number, so Irish, Old Irish áram, Welsh eirif, *ad-rîm-, Celtic rîmâ, number; Anglo-Saxon rîm, number, English rhyme; Greek @ga@'riqmós, number.

airean

ploughman, herdsman; Irish oireamh, g. oiramhan, ploughman, the mythic Eremon, Airem(on), *arjamon-, Sanskrit Arjaman, further Aryan(?); root àr, plough.

++airfid

music, harmony; oirfid.

airgiod

silver, so Irish, Old Irish arget, Welsh ariant, Breton arc'hant, Gail. Argento-, Argento-coxus (a Caledonian prince): Latin argentum; Greek @Ga@'/rguros. English argent is from the Latin.

àiridh

better àirigh, hill pasture, sheiling (airghe, in Lh. for Gaelic); cf. Early Irish airge, áirge, place where cows are, dairy, herd of cattle; Early Irish airgech, herdswoman of Brigit; Irish airghe, pl. áiríghe (O'Br.), a herd of cattle; airgheach, one who has many herds; *ar-egia; Latin armentum? But See àrach, rear. Norse or Danish erg from Gaelic equals Norse setr (Ork. Sag.). This Norse form proves the identity of Gaelic with Early Irish airge; airge=ar-agio, *agio, herd.

airidh

worthy, Irish airigh (Ulster), airigh, nobleman (O'Br.), Old Irish aire(ch), primas, lard; Sanskrit árya, good, a lord; ârya, Aryan, âryaka, honourable man. *parei?

airilleach

a sleepy person; from ++aireal, bed, Middle Irish aired (O'C.):

airleag

leng, Irish airligim, Old Irish airliciud, lending; from leig, let, which is allied to English loan, Gothic leihvan, German leihen. See leig.

airleas

pledge, earnest, arles; from Scottish arles, older erles, which, through Old French, comes from Latin *arrhula, dim. of arrha, pledge. English earnest, whence Welsh ernes, is probably from the same origin. See eàrlas.

airleig

a strait:

airmis

hit; See eirmis.

àirne

a sloe, so Irish, Middle Irish arni, sloes, Welsh eirin, plums, Breton irinenn, sloe, Celtic arjanio- (Stokes); Sanskrit aran@.i, tinder-stick "premna spinosa", aran@.ka, forest.

àirneach

murrain in cattle:

airneis, àirneis

(M`L. & D.), furniture; Irish áirneis, cattle, goods, etc., Middle Irish airnis, tools, furniture. The word can hardly be separated from the Romance arnese, accotrements, armour, whence English harness, armour for man or horse. The word is originally of Brittonic origin (Breton harnez, armour), from *eisarno-, iron; See iarunn.

airtein

a pebble, so Irish, Early Irish arteini (pl.), Old Irish art; possibly Gaulish arto- (Arto-briga), Artemia, name of a rock.

airtneal, airsneal

weariness:

àis

milk (Carm.), Middle Irish as (O'Dav.).

àis

wisdom (Carm.), ais ( O'Cl.) See cnoc ( Carm.).

ais

back, backwards; so Irish, Early Irish aiss, daraaiss, backwards; Gaelic air ais. The forms ais, rithisd rìs, thairis, seem compounds from the root sta, sto, stand; cf. fois, bhos, ros; ais may be for ati-sta-, or ati-sti-. Ascoli refers ais to an unaccented form of éis, track, which is used after tar and di (di a éis, post eum; See déis) for "after, post", but not for "back", as is air ais, with verbs of rest or motion.

aisead

delivery (obstetrical), Early Irish asait, vb. ad-saiter, is delivered; *ad-sizd-; Latin si@-do, assi@-dere, a reduplication of the root sed, of suidhe, q.v. From ad-sem-t, root sem as in taom (Stokes).

aiseag

a ferry, Irish aiseog (Fol.):

aiseal

axle; it seems borrowed from English axle, Norse öxull, but the Welsh echel, Breton ahel, *aksila, makes its native origin possible, despite the absence of the word in Irish.

aiseal

jollity ( Sh., Arms.); See aisteach.

aisean

rib, Irish, Early Irish asna, Welsh eisen, asen, Cornish asen; cf. Latin assula, splinter, asser, beam (Stokes). Formerly it was referred to the same origin as Latin os, ossis, bone, Greek @Go@'stéon, but the root vowel and meaning are both unfavourable to this etymology.

aisearan

weanling (Argyle); from ais?

aisg

a request (Sh.), Early Irish ascid; *ad-skv-, root seq., as in sgeul, q.v.

aisgeir

a ridge of high mountains, Irish eiscir, aisgeir (Lh. for latter); *ad-sker-(?), as in English skerry, Gaelic sgeir, q.v. Cf. Welsh esgair (Meyer).

aisig

restore, so Irish, Early Irish assec; possibly=*as-ic, "out-bring", ic=enl; See thig, come.

aisir, aisridh

path; See astar.

aisith

strife; as-sìth, as-, privative, and sìth, q.v.

aisling

a vision, dream, so Irish, Old Irish aislinge; possibly *ex-líng-ia, "a jump out of one-self, ec-stasy", the root being leng of leum, q.v. Nigra suggested the root sil, or sell of seall, see, q.v.; he divided the word as as-sil-inge, Stokes as ad-sell-angia (Beiträge, Vol. VIII)

aisneis

rehearsing, tattle, Early Irish same, Old Irish áisndísl aisnédim, I relate; (as-ind-fiad-im, Old Irish in-fiadim, I relate); fiad=veid, know; See innis; root vet, Latin veto (Stokes), but this does not account for í of Old Irish aisndís.

aisteach

a diverting fellow, Irish aisdeach, witty:

ait

glad, Irish, Early Irish ait, Old Irish ait, euge! adverbium optantis:

àite

a place, Irish, Early Irish áit. Possibly Celtic po@-d-ti, *panti? root po@-d, ped, Latin oppidum, Greek @Gpédon, ground, Sanskrit padám, place; as in eadh, q.v. Stokes has referred áit to the root that appears in German ort, place, Norse oddr, Old English ord, point, Teutonic uzd-, Indo-European uzdh-; but this in Gaelic would give ud or od.

àiteag

a shy girl, See faiteach.

aiteal

breeze, ray, small portion. In the sense of "ray", cf. Greek @Ga@'ktís, ray; in the sense of "quantulum", it may be divided as ad-tel, Old Breton attal, an equivalent, root tel, weight, money; See tuarasdal. actualis?

aiteam

a people, a tribe (Arms.):

aiteamh

a thaw; *aith-ta@--m, Welsh toddi, melt; Latin tabes; Greek @Gtc/kw, melt; English thaw. The Irish word is tionadh (Old Irish tinaid, evanescit), Manx tennue, the root of which is ten, Latin tener, English thin.

aith-

"re-"; See ath-.

aitheamh

fathom, Old Welsh atem, filum; *(p)etemâ; English fathom; Indo-European pet, extend, Latin pateo, etc.

aithinne

fire-brand, Irish, Old Irish aithinne: *aith-tén-io-? Root of teine? The root and, kindle, as in Old Irish andud, accendere, adandad, lighting up, is also possible, *aith-and-io- being the form in that case. amhailte (Glen-moriston).

aithis

a reproach, affront, so Irish, Old Irish athiss; *ati-vid-tu-; Gothic idveit, English twit; root vid, wit, know.

aithlis

a disgrace; cf. leas in leas-mhac.

aithne

knowledge, so Irish, Old Irish, aithgne, Welsh adwaen: ati-gn-io- for Irish; Indo-European gen, gna@-, gno@-, to know; Latin cognosco; Greek @Ggignw/skw; English know.

àithne

command, Irish, Old Irish aithne, depositum, command; immánim, delego, assign; Welsh adne, custody; the root seems to be a@-n or an, judging from verbal forms, though these scarcely agree with the noun forms. See tiomnadh further.

aithreach

repentant, so Irish, Old Irish aithrech, Cornish edreck, repentance, Breton azrec (do.), *ati-(p)reko-, *ati-(p)rekiâ; root, prek, Latin precor, German fragen, ask, etc. Ascoli makes the root reg, come (see rach).

aithris

tell so Irish *ati-ris, Early Irish ris, a story, *rt-ti, rat, re@-t, German rede, speech, Gothic rathjo, speak, Latin ratio. Cf. Old Irish airissim, from iss.

àitidh

damp:

aitionn

juniper, Irish aiteann, Old Irish aitenn, Welsh aith, eithin, Cornish eythinen, Old Breton ethin (gl. rusco), *akto-, Indo-European root ak, sharp, Latin acidus, English acid, edge, Greek a@'/kros, extreme, etc. The nearest words are Lithuanian ákstinas, sting, Church Slavonic ostinu. Also aiteal. *at-tenn-, "sharp bush or tree"; from root at, sharp, Early Irish aith, sharp, *atti-, atto-. For -tenn, see caorrunn. Cf. Irish teine, furze.

aitreabh

a building, Irish aitreibh, Early Irish aittreb, Welsh adref, homewards, Gaulish Atrebates; *ad-treb-, the Celtic root treb corresponding to Latin tribus, English thorpe.

àl

brood, Irish ál, Welsh ael, al: *(p)aglo-; cf. Latin propâgo, English propogate. Hence àlaire, brood mare. German adel, nobility.

àlach

a brood, set, bank of oars (M`E.):

àlach

nails: *a@-l-lach, a@-l-, from (p)agl-, Latin pa@-lus, stake; root pag, pa@-g, fasten, whence Greek @Gpc/gnumi, Latin pango, fix, English page.

alachag, alachuin

See ealachainn.

àlainn

beautiful, Irish áluin, Old Irish álaind; *ad-lainn; See loinn. Stokes prefers referring it to áil, pleasant, *pagli-, English fair, root pag. But ra-laind, pleasant, *ad-pland (Holden).

all-

over; See thall.

allaban

wandering:

allail

noble, Middle Irish all, aill, *al-no-s, root al, as in Latin altus.

alladh

fame (either good or bad), Irish alladh, excellency, fame, Early Irish allud; See allail.

allaidh

fierce, wild, Irish allta, Old Irish allaid; possibly from all-, over, the idea being "foreign, barbarous, fierce";, cf. Welsh allaidd of like meanings, from Welsh all, other. See allmharach.

allmharach

a foreigner, foreign, fierce; Irish allmharach, foreigner, transmarine; Early Irish allmarach. From all-, beyond, and muir, sea, "transmarine" (K.Meyer).

allsadh

a jerk, suspending, leaning to one side; See abhsadh.

allsmuain

a float, great buoy:

allsporag

cow's throttle (M`A.); See abhsporag.

allt

a stream, Irish alt, height , (topographically) glen-side or cliff, Old Irish alt, shore, cliff, Old Welsh allt, cliff, Cornish als, Breton aot, shore; all allied to Latin altus. The Gaelic form and meaning are are plssibly of Pictish origin.

all-tapadh

mishap, ill-luck (Wh.); mischance: from all- and tapadh.

alm

alum; from the English.

almsadh

charity (Hend.), Middle Irish almsain.

alp

also ealp (Wh.), ingraft, join closely together: alp in tinkers' Irish, a job of work, hill; ealp=Scottish imper, graft.

alt

joint, Irish, Early Irish alt, *(p)alto-s; root pel, whence English fold, Norse, faldr, German falz, groove; Greek -plásios, doubled, for plátios. "air alt"= in order that (Wh.).

altach

a grace (at food), Irish altughadh, Old Irish attlugud, rendering thanks, atluchur bude, I give thanks: *ad-tlukôr, root, tluq; Lithuanian tulkas, interpreter; Latin loquor for tloquor.

altair

altar, Irish, Old Irish altóir, Welsh allor, Cornish altor, Breton auter; from Latin altare, altar, "high place".

altrum

fostering, Irish altrom, Old Irish altram, Welsh alltraw, sponsor; root al, nourish, whence Latin alo, Gothic alan, grow, English old.

àm

time Irish am, pl. amanna, Early Irish am, *ammen-, from *at-s-men-, root at, Got

am-, amh-

privative prefix; this is the labialised form of an-, q.v.; and being labialised, it is also aspirated into amh-. The forms before "small" vowels in the subsequent syllable are aim-, aimh-.

amach

vulture, so Irish:

amadan

fool, Irish amadán: am+ment-, "non-minded", Celtic root ment (dearmad, farmad, etc.), mind; Latin mens, menti-s, English mind, etc. The shorter root men is found in meanmna.

amail

mischief; Early Irish admillim, I destroy: ad+ mill, q.v.

amail

hindrance: ad+ mall; q.v. But Norse hamla, hinder.

amal

swingle-tree; *ad-mol; mol, a beam, especially "a mill shaft", Early Irish mol. Cf. Norse hamla, oar-loop.

amar

channel, mill lead; Early Irish ammor, ammbur, a trough, *amb-or-; Gaulish ambes, rivos, rivers, Ambris, river name; Latin imber; Greek @Go@'/mbos, rain; Sanskrit ambu, water. Zimmer considers the Irish borrowed from Anglo-Saxon ámber, amphora, German eimer; but the Gaelic meaning is distinctly against his theory. A borrowing from Latin amphora is liable to the same objection.

amarlaich

blustering (M`A.):

amarlaid

blustering female; not amarlaich.

amart

need ( Hend.). Hend. now questions it, aimbeairt.

amas

hitting, Old Irish ammus, an aim: *ad-mes-; See eirmis.

amasguidh, amsgith

profane, impure: *ad-mesc-id-, "mixed"; See measg.

amh

raw, Irish amh, Early Irish om, Welsh of; root om, o@-m, whence Greek @Gw@'mós; Gothic amsa; Sanskrit amsas.

amhach

neck: *om-âk-â; Latin humerus, shoulder (*om-es-os); Greek @Gw@'@nmós; Gothic amsa; Sanskrit amsas.

amhailte

large ember of wood (Glen-moriston).

amhain

entanglement by the neck (M`A.); from amhach.

a mhàin

only, Irish amháin, Early Irish amáin; cf. Old Irish nammá (Welsh namyn, but?) = nan-n-má "ut non sit major" (?). The main root is má or mó, more, with the negative, but the exact explanation is not easy; "no more than"(?). amháin =a-(apo)+màin, *mani; Greek @Gmános, spärlich, @Gmonos (St.Z.).

amhainn

river; better abhainn, q.v.

amhaltach

vexing; See aimheal.

amhan

a marsh, or lòn (Glen-moriston).

amharc

looking, seeing; so Irish, Middle Irish amarc, amharc =a-(apo)+marc, German merken, perhaps Lith. mérkti, wink, blink (St.). Roots marc, marg.

amhartan

luck, Irish amhantur, abhantur, from French aventure, English adventure.

amharus

suspicion, so Irish, Old Irish amairess, infidelitas, am+iress, the latter meaning "faith"; Old Irish iress=air-ess, and *ess is from *sistâ, standing, root stâ, stand, reduplicated; cf. Latin sisto, etc. The whole word, were it formed at once, would look like *am-(p)are-sistâ, or *am-are-sistâ.

amhas, amhusg

wild man, beast man; Irish amhas, a wild man, madman; Early Irish amos, amsach, a mercenary soldier, servant. Conchobar's amsaig, or mercenaries, in the Early Irish saga of Deirdre, appear misunderstood as our amhusgan, monsters; there is probably a reminiscence of the Norse "bear-sarks". Borrowed from Gaulish Latin ambactus (=servus, Festus), through *ambaxus; Cæsar says of the Gaulish princes: "Circum se ambactos clientesque habent". The roots are ambi- (see mu) and ag, go lead (see aghaidh). Hence many words, as English ambassador, German amt, official position, etc. Ir.J., 154, 156, has amhas, in Gaelic force.

àmhgar

affliction, Irish amhgar; am-(not) +gar; cf. Old Irish ingir, tristia, from gáire, risus. See gàir, laughter, for root. Early Irish so-gar, do-gar, @G*hara (St.).

amhladh

distress, dismay (Hend.). See amhluadh.

amhlair

fool, boor, silly talker or behaver (Arg.); Irish amhlóir, Old Irish amlabar, mute; from am- (not) and labhair, speak, q.v. Cf. suilbhir.

amhlaisg

bad beer, taplash:

amhluadh

confusion, distress:

amhra

wonderful; *am-porios (St.), @Ga@'/peiros.

amhran

song, Irish amhrán, abhrán, Middle Irish ambrán, Manx, arrane; See òran. Cf. Irish amhra, eulogy, especially in verse; amhra, famous (Lec. 69).

amhsan

(ansan), Dial osan, solan goose; from Latin anser?

amhuil

like, as, Irish amhluidh, Old Irish amail, amal, Old Welsh amal, Welsh mal, Breton evel; from a Celtic samali-, which appears in samhail, q.v.

amhuilt

a trick, deceit (H.S.D., M`E. àmhuilt): Cf. aith-méla.

àmhuinn

oven, Irish òigheann; borrowed from English oven.

amlach

curled, amlag, a curl, Middle Irish amlach, from the prep. ambi-, as in mu, q.v.

amraidh, àmraidh

( M`E.), cupboard, Irish amri ( O'Br.), Welsh almari; all borrowed from English (Gaelic from Scottish aumrie?) ambry and Middle English almarie, from Old French almarie, from Latin armarium, place of tools or arms, from arma.

an, a'

the, Irish an, Old Irish in (mas. and fem.), a n- (neut.); a t- appears before vowels in the nom. masc. (an t-athair), and it is part of the article stem; a Celtic sendo-s (m.), sendâ (f.), san (n.). Sendo-s is composed of two pronominal roots, dividing into sen-do-; sen, judging by the neuter san, is a fixed neuter nom. or acc. from the Celtic root se (Indo-European sjo, beside so-, allied to Anglo-Saxon se, the, seó, now she. The -do- of sendo-s has been referred by Thurneysen and Brugmann to the pron. root to- (English tha-t, Greek @Gtó); it is suggested that to- may have degenerated into do- before it was stuck to the fixed form sen. Sen-to- could not, on any principle otherwise, whether of accentuation or what not, produce the historical forms. It is best to revert to the older etymology, and refer do- to the pronominal root appearing in the Latin fixed cases (enclitic) -dam, -dem, (qui-dam, i-dem, etc.), the Greek @G dé, @G-de (as in @Go@`/-de, this), Church Slavonic da, he. The difference, then, between Greek @Go@`/-de and Gaelic sen-do-s is this: the Greek inflects the first element ( @Go@`= so) and keeps the @G de fixed, whereas Gaelic reverses the matter by fixing the sen and inflecting the do-; otherwise the roots are the same ultimatley, and used for almost similar purposes.

an

in, Irish a n- (eclipsing), Old Irish i, i n-, Welsh yn, Breton en; Latin in; Greek @Ge@'n; English in, etc. Generally it appears in the longer form ann, or even as ann an; See ann.

an

interrogative particle, Irish an, Old Irish in; Latin an; Gothic an.

an-

negative prefix, Irish an-, Old Irish, an-, in-; Welsh, Cornish, Breton an-; Celtic an, Indo-European n@.-, Latin in-, Greek @Ga@'-, @Ga@'n-, English un-, Sanskrit a-, an-, etc. It appears before labials and liquids (save n) as am-, aspirated to amh-; with consequent "small" vowels, it becomes ain-, aim-, aimh-. Before g, it becomes ion-, as in iongantas. Before c, t, s, the an- becomes eu- and the t and c become medials (as in beud, breug, feusag). See also ana-.

ana-

negative prefix, Old Irish an-, sometimes aspirating; Gaelic ana-creidimh, disbelief, Old Irish ancretem, but ainfhior, untrue; Middle Irish ainfhír. This suggests a Celtic anas- for the first, and ana- for the second, extensions of the previous an-; cognate are Greek @Ga@'\nis, @Ga@'\neu, without; German ohne, Gothic inu, without.

ana-, an-, ain-

prefix of excess; Irish an-, ain-, Middle Irish an-; Irish aspirates where possible (not t, d, g), Gaelic does so rarely. Allied are Greek @Ga@'na, up, Gothic ana, English on. Hence ana-barr, excess; ain-neart, violence; ain-teas, excessive heat, etc.

anabas

dregs, refuse, also green, unripe stuff cut; from an-abaich.

anabhiorach

centipede, whitlow:

anacail

defend, save; Irish anacail, protection, Early Irish anacul (do.). This Ascoli refers to the same origin as adnacul; See adhlac.

anacair

sickness, affliction, so Irish, an-shocair. Irish Jl. 156. See acarach.

anadas

regret (M`D):

anagna

irregularity, unusualness (Hend.), ana-gnáth.

anail

breath, Irish and Old Irish anál, Welsh anadl, anal, Cornish anal, Breton alan, Celtic anatlâ; an, breathe, Gothic anan, to breathe, Sanskrit anila, wind. See anam also.

anainn

eaves, top of house wall:

anam

soul, so Irish, Old Irish anim (d. anmin), Cornish enef, Middle Breton eneff, Breton ene, Celtic animon- (Stokes); Latin animus, anima; Greek @Ga@'/nemos, wind.

anamaint

lust, perversity (Hend.), ana+mèin.

anart

linen, Irish, Early Irish anairt, Old Irish annart, *an-arto-; root pan, pa@-n; Latin pannus, cloth; Greek penós, thread on the bobbin; Gothic fana, cloth, Anglo-Saxon fana, small flag, English vane, fane.

ànart

pride:

anasta

stormy; *an-fadh-asta; See ++anfadh, storm.

ancachd

adversity (Hend.):

an dràsta

now; for an-trâth-sa, "the time here", q.v.

++anfadh

storm; proper Gaelic is onfhadh, q.v.

anfhann

weak, Irish anbhfann, Middle Irish anbfann, anband; an+fann, "excessive faint". See fann.

anlamh, annlamh

misfortune; an-(not)+ lamh; See ullamh for lamh.

ann

there, Irish, Old Irish and, *anda (Stokes); Cyprian Gr @Ga@'/nda (= @Ga@'/utc, this, she); Lithuanian àndai, newly, àns, anà, ille, illa; Church Slavonic onu@u, that; Sanskrit ana, this (he).

ann, ann an

in, Irish ann, Early Irish ind, Old Irish ind-ium (in me), Celtic endo (Stokes); Latin endo, indu, into, in; Greek @Gc@'/ndon, within, @Gc@'/ndoqen; English indo. The roots are en (see an), in, and do (see do), to. In ann an, the two prepositions ann and an are used. The form anns is used before the article and relative; the -s properly belongs to the article; anns an, in the, is for ann san.

++annaid, annoid

a church, Middle Irish annóit, Old Irish andoóit, mother-church. Stokes refers it to Late Latin antitas, for antiquitas, "ancient church". In Scottish place-names it appears as Annet, Clach na h-Annaid, etc. Cf. annone, church (O'Dav.), from Hebrew.

annaladh

era, calendar, Irish analach, chronicle; from Latin annalia.

annamh

rare, Middle Irish annam, Early Irish andam; *an-dam-, "non-tame"; root dam, home, home, etc.; English domestic, tame. Hence annas, rarity.

annlamh

vexation, etc.; See anlamh.

annlan

condiment, Early Irish annland, Welsh enllyn; possibly an+leann.

annrach, ànrach

wanderer, stranger; either from *ann-reth-ach, root reth, run (see ruith, faondradh), or from *an-rath-ach, "unfortunate", root rath, luck, q.v.

annrath

distress, Irish anrath; an-rath; See rath, luck. The Early Irish andró appears to be of a different origin.

annsa

dearer, better liked, so Irish, Middle Irish andsa, preferable:

ao-

privative prefix; for eu-, this is for an- (not), before c and t. See an-.

aobhach

joyous; See aoibhinn.

aobhar

cause, Irish adhbhar, Old Irish adbar, *ad-bero-n; root ber, Indo-European bher, whence Latin fero, English bear, etc.

aobharrach

a young person or beast of good promise, hobble-dehoy; from aobhar, material.

aobrann

ankle, Old Irish odbrann, Welsh uffarn: *od-bronn, *ud-brunn-, "out-bulge"; ud-=English out, and brunn-, See brù, belly. Stokes (Academy, June, 1892) makes od- to be for pod, foot, Gr @Gpoús, @Gpod-ós, English foot, etc.

aodach

clothes, Irish eudach, Old Irish étach, *ant-ac-os; root pan, as in anart, q.v. Cf. Lithuanian pinti, plait, twine, Church Slavonic pe@?ti, wind, Latin pannus, etc. Strachan cfs. Alb. ent, int, weave, Greek @Ga@'/ttomai, weave.

aodann

face, Irish éadan, Old Irish étan, Celtic antano- (Stokes); Latin ante; Greek @Ga@'vtí, against; English and; Sanskrit ánti, opposite.

aodraman

bladder, Irish éadromán; See aotrom.

aog

death; See eug.

aogas, aogasg

face, appearance, Middle Irish écosg (O'Cl), Old Irish écosc, habitus, expression, *in-cosc; See caisg, check. Cf. Old Irish in-cho-sig, significat.

aoghaire

shepherd, so Irish, Middle Irish aegaire, Old Irish augaire, *ovi-gar-; for ovi-, sheep, see òisg. The -gar- is allied to Greek @Ga@'geírw, @Ga@'gorá, meeting place, market.

aoibh

civil look, cheerful face, Irish aoibh, pleasant, humour, Early Irish áeb, Old Irish óiph, beauty, appearance, *aibâ (Thurneysen), mien, look, Prov. French aib, good manners. Ascoli refers it to the root of éibheall (q.v.), a live coal, the underlying idea being "shining, sheen". This would agree as to the original force with taitinn, please, taitneach, pleasant.

aoibhinn

pleasant, joyful, so Irish, Early Irish áibind, óibind. See aoibh for root.

aoideag

hair-lace, fillet, from root of aodach.

aoigh

guest, Irish aoidhe, pl. aoidheadha, Old Irish óegi, pl. óegid, *(p)oig-it; cf. the Teutonic *faig-iþ-, whence Norse feigr, doomed to die, Anglo-Saxon fáege, doomed, English fey (Schräder). Stokes gives the Celtic as (p)oik-it, poik, whence English foe (cf. Latin hostis, hospes); but the Gaelic gh of aoigh is against this otherwise satisfactory derivation. As against Schräder's etymology, might be put a reference to the form found in Greek @Goi@'/homai, go, Lithuanian eigà, going, gurther root ei, go; the idea being "journey-taker". Commonly misspelt aoidh.

aoigh

pleasant countenance, Irish aoibh.

aoine

fast, , Friday, Irish aoine, Friday, Old Irish oine, fast, Breton iun; from Latin jejunium, a fast, fast-day, English jejune. Stokes suggests Greek @Gpeináw, hunger, as cognate, making it native: *poin-io-. Unlikely.

aoineadh

a steep brae with rocks, Manx eaynee, steep place:

aoir

a satire, Irish aor, Early Irish áer, Old Irish áir. *aigrâ, @Ga@'ishos, Gothic aiviski: aigh (St.). Prellwitz gives Greek and Gothic and root. Ascoli refers this word and Old Irish tatháir, reprehensio, to tàir, q.v.

aoir

sheet or bolt-rope of a sail:

aoirean, airean

ploughman, herdsman, Irish oireamh, g. oireamhan, ploughman, the mythic Eremon, Airem(on), *arjamon-, Sanskrit Arjaman, further Aryan(?); root àr, plough.

aoirneagan

see aonagail.

aois

age, Irish aois, Old Irish áes, áis, óis, Welsh oes, *aivestu-; Latin @oevum, @oetas, English age; Greek @Gai@'és, @Gai@'eí, always; English aye. From *aie-tu, Latin oitor, utor, @Gdí-aita (Th. St. Arch. 276).

aol

lime, Irish aol, Old Irish áel: *aidlo-, from aidh, light, fire, Greek @Gai@'qw, gleam (St.). See Mackay.

aolach

dung, Irish aoileach, Old Irish ailedu, etercora, Welsh add-ail, eluvies. Ascoli compares Old Irish áil, probrum, but this word is probably cognate with Gothic agls, aglus, difficult, shameful, and may not be allied to aolach.

aolais

indolence:

aolmann

ointment: founded on the English ointment. Cf. iarmailt, armailt.

aom

incline, Irish aomadh, inclining, attracting: