MacBain's Dictionary - Section 7

calltuinn

hazel, Irish Early Irish coll, Welsh collen, Cornish coll-widen. Middle Breton quel-vezenn, *koslo-; Latin corylus; Norse hasl, English hazel. *coll+tann.

Calluinn

New Year's Day, Irish calláin, Calends, or first day of the month, Early Irish callaind, the Calends, particularly the first Jan., Welsh calan, Calends; from Latin calendæ (English Calends).

calm

a pillar (M`A.), Irish columhan, colbh; from Latin columna, etc.

calm, calma

brave, Irish, Early Irish calma. Cf. Welsh celf, skill, art, celfydd, skilled, Old Breton celmed, efficax. The root cal is to be compared with that in German held, hero, *haleth or *calet. The Indo-European root is qel, as in Latin celsus, high, columna, column, English excel.

calman

dove; See calaman.

calmarra

the pike (Wh.)?

calpa

the calf of the leg, so Irish, Early Irish calpda, bonus pes (Corm.), colpa, tibia; from the Norse kálfi, whence also English calf.

calpa

principal set to interest, Scottish calpa, dath-duty payable to the landlord, from Norse kaup, stipulation, pay.

calum

hardness on the skin ( H.S.D.; cathlum in M`D.); from Latin callum, callus. It is not the obsolete caladh, hard, Early Irish calad, Welsh caled, Old Breton calat, *kaleto-, root kal, hard; Gothic hallus, stone, Norse helle, hallr; Sanskrit çilâ, stone.

cam

crooked, one-eyed, Irish cam, Old Irish camm, Welsh cam, Breton kam, Gaulish cambo-, root kemb, wind; Greek kómbos, a band, bond; Lithuanian kinge@?, door-bar. It has been refered to the root of Greek @Gskambós, crooked (se ceum), and to Latin camera, whence English chamber. Hence camag, club, camas, bay.

camag-gharuidh

hoow above the eye, Irish camóg-ara, "the bend of the ara", Old Irish aire, Gaelic arach, tempus; Greek @Gpareiá, cheek.

camart

wry-neck:

camastrang

quarrelsome disputation (M`D.):

camhach

talkative; *com-ag-ach, root ag in adhan?

camhal

a camel, Irish camhall, Early Irish camail, Welsh camyll; from Latin camelus.

camhan

a hollow plain, Irish cabhán (County Cavan); from the Latin cavus.

camhanaich

break of day, twilight, Irish camhaoir; (M`A. sgamhanaich, "lights"):

camlag

a curl:

camp, campa

a camp, Irish, Middle Irish campa; from the English camp.

campar

vexation, grief; from Scottish cummar, English cumber.

can

say, sing, Irish canaim, Old Irish canim, Welsh cana, sing. Breton kana; Latin cano, sing; Greek @Gkanázw; English hen.

cana

porpoise, young whale, Irish cana ( O'R.), cána ( O'Br.), whelp, pup, Middle Irish cana (do.); from Latin canis?

canach

mountain down, cotton Irish canach, Old Irish canach, lanugo; Greek @Gknc@nkos, thistle, @Gknekós, yellow; Sanskrit ka@-ncanas, golden, a plant; *qonak-. Stokes refers it to *casnaka, Latin cânus, white (*casno-), Anglo-Saxon hasu, grey, English hare.

cànain

language, Irish cánamhuin. Seemingly a long-vowel form of the root qan, cry. See cainnt.

canal

cinnamon; See caineal.

canan

a cannon; from the English

canastair

a canister; from the English

cangaruich

fret; from Scottish canker, fret, English canker.

cangluinn

trouble, vexation; from Scottish cangle.

canna

a can, so Irish, Early Irish cann; from English can.

cannach

pretty, kind; *cas-no-, root, qas, Latin ca@-nus, white (casnus), Anglo-Saxon hasu, grey, English haze? Or it may be allied to Latin candidus, white, Sanskrit cand, shine.

canntaireachd

articulate music, chanting, Irish cantaireachd, singing, cántaire, a singer; from Latin cantor, cano, I sing.

cànran

wrangling, grumbling, muttering, Irish cannrán; from can, say, sing.

cantal

grief, weeping ( Sh., M`L.), Irish cantlamh:

caob

a clod, a bite, Irish caob, clod, Middle Irish coep, Early Irish caip, cáep, clot, lump, Old Irish caebb oo, jecur.

caoch

empty (as a nut), blind, so Irish, Old Irish caech, Welsh coeg, foolish, Cornish cuic, *kaiko-s; Latin caecus; Gothic haihs, one-eyed.

caoch, caothach

rage; See cuthach.

caochan

a streamlet; from caoth, blind?

caochail

change, die, caochladh, a change, Irish caochluighim, Old Irish caoimchláim cóem-chlóim: imchloud, imchlóad, inversio; for co-imm-clóim; from clóim, muto: See claoidh. The aspiration of the mn of imb is unusual, but the history of the word is also unusual, for it actually appears as claemchlód in Early Irish oftener than once, and Irish claochlódh, claochladh.

caod Chaluim-chille

St John's wort (Sh.):

caog

wink; apparently from English cock (the eye). Cf. Norse kaga, keek; Scottish keek; Shet. caog, peep slily.

caogad

fifty, so Irish, Old Irish cóica(t), *qenqekont; Latin quinquaginta; Greek @Gpentc/konta. See cóig.

caoidh

lamentation, Irish caoi, caoidh, Early Irish cói, cái, inf. to cíim, ploro, *keiô, root qei, which appears in caoin, q.v., and in English whine, whisper, etc. Bezzenberger suggests *keipô, and compares Lithuanian szëptis, grimace, Church Slavonic o-sipna@?ti, raucescere. A former derivation of Stokes' is repeated by Rhys (Manx.Pray. @+2, 26): *qesi, root qes as in Latin questus.

caoillean

a twig or osier for wicker, Middle Irish cóelach; from caol, slender.

caoimheach

a bedfellow (Sh.), Irish caoimhthech, Early Irish com-aithech, neighbour; see aitheach. Also caomhach, friend, bedfellow. The latter seems from, or influenced by, caomh.

caoimhneas

kindness. This word is supposed by folk etymology to be from caomh, kind, whereas it is really allied to Old Irish coibnes, affionitas, *co-ven-estu-, root ven of fine, q.v.

caoin

kind, mild, so Irish, Old Irish càin, kind, beautiful Welsh cain?: *koini-, root koi, kei of caomh, q.v. Stokes gives base as kaini-, and Bezzenberger compares Greek @Gkaínusqai, excel, Church Slavonic sina@?ti, gleam forth. If the base idea were "beauty", English shine might be compared.

caoin

the exterior surface of cloth, right side, rind, sward; from caoin, gentle, polished?

caoin

weep, so Irish, Old Irish cóinim, cáinim, Old Welsh cuinhaunt, deflebunt, Breton couen, queiniff, *koiniô; qein, qîn; English whine, Norse hvína, whirr; Greek @Gkinurós, wailing. See caoidh.

caoinich

dry, make dry (as hay by the sun), caoin, seasoned; from the adj. caoin?

caoir

a blaze, stream of sparks, a coal, Irish caor, Early Irish cáer, *kairo, English hoar (*kairo-), Teutonic root hai in Norse heið, atmospheric clearness, Old High German hei, heat, English heat; Sanskrit kêtus, light. More near are Greek @Gkíris (lamp, Hes.), Sanskrit kirán@.a, a ray, clear, has been also suggested. caoran, a peat ember.

caoirean

a plaintive song; also caoi-ràn, moaning (H.S.D.). The root word is caoidh; possibly ràn, roar, forms the latter part.

caoirnean

a drop of sheep or goats' dung, a drop or globule; cf. Irish caoirín, a little berry, little sheep, from caor, berry, caora, sheep. The two ideas seem confused in Gaelic. In Argyle, gaoirnean; (Arg. ao here is northern ao). From skar, sharn?

caol

slender, so Irish, Old Irish cóil, Welsh, Cornish cul, Old Breton culed, macies, *koilo-; Lettic káils, naked; Latin caelebs, single? Greek @Gko@nilos, hollow? Hence caol; caolas, a firth or Kyle.

caolan

gut, intesting, Irish caolán, Early Irish coelán, Old Welsh coilion, exta; from caol.

caomh

tender, kind, so Irish, Early Irish coem, Old Irish cóim, Welsh cu, Old Welsh cum, Breton cuff, cun, debonnaire, *koimo-, root kei, lie; Greek @Gkoimáw, put to rest, @Gke@nimai, lie; Gothic háims, a village, Anglo-Saxon hám. English home. The idea is "restful".

caomhach

bedfellow, friend, Irish caomthach, friend; See caoimheach, and cf. Irish caomhaighim, I protect, cherish, from caomh.

caomhain

spare, save, caomhnadh, sparing, Irish caoimhnaim, preserve, keep, protect, caomhaighim, caomhnuighim, preserve. The last form seems the most original, if we refer the root to Old Irish anich, protegit, aingim, I protect (a-nak), root nak and nank, as in adhlac, thig, etc. The form nak is more particularly allied to Sanskrit náçati, reach, Lithuanian neszù, draw. The Gaelic verb may have been *com-anich-. It is possible to derive it from caomh with caomhuin as an inf. form which usurped the place of the present stem.

caonnag

strife, tumult, Irish caonnóg, strife, a next of wild bees: *cais-no-, root kais, kai, heat, English heat, Gaelic caoir?

caor

berry of the rowan, a mountain berry, Irish caor, Old Irish cáer, bacca, Welsh cair, berries, ceirion, berry *kairâ. It is seemingly the same word as caoir, blaze, the idea arising probably from the red rowan berries.

caora

a sheep, Irish caora, g. caorach, Old Irish câer, *cairax, from *ka(p)erax, alliet to Latin caper, a goat, Greek @Gkápros, a boar, English heifer. Cf. Welsh caeriwrch, roebuck.

caorrunn

the rowan tree, Irish caorthann, Early Irish caerthann, Welsh cerddin, Breton kerzin, *cairo-tann, from caor, berry, and *tann, tree, Breton tann, oak, Cornish glas-tannen. The connection with Old High German tanna, fir, oak, Middle High German tan, wood, German tanne, fir, English tan, tanner (Greek @Gqámnos, bush?) is doubtful; it would necessitate the idea of borrowing, or that the Celtic word was dann. Ogam Maqui Cairatini, McCaorthainn. Rhys says Welsh is borrowed from Gadelic (C.F.L. 292).

càpa

a capl from the English cap.

càpraid

drunken riotousness (Dial.); from Latin *crâpula.

capull

a horse, mare (more commonly), so Irish, Early Irish capall, Breton caval; from Latin capallus, whence English cavalry, etc., caple (Middle English capil, from Celt.) Norse kapall, nag, seems borrowed from Gaelic. The Welsh is ceffyl, with remarkable vocalisation. capal-coille?

car

turn, twist, Irish cor, Middle Irish cor (= cuairt, ( O'Cl.)), Old Irish curu, gyros, Welsh cor-wynt, turbo, Middle Breton coruent, *kuro-; Latin curvus; Greek @Gkurtós, curved. See cruinn.

càr

friendly, related to, Irish cára(d), a friend. See caraid for the usual root.

càradh

condition, usage; from càirich, mend.

caraich

move, stir, Irish corruighim, from corrach, unsteady. The Gaelic confuses this with car, turn.

caraid

a friend, so Irish, Old Irish cara, g. carat, *karant-; Old Irish verb carim, caraim, I love, Welsh caraf, amo, Breton quaret, amare, Gaulish carantus, Caractacus, etc.; Latin cârus, dear, English charity, etc.; Gothic hôrs, meretrix.

càraid

a pair, couple, Irish córaid, Early Irish córait:

carainnean

refuse of threshed barley, Irish carra, bran; See carthuinnich.

caraist

catechism; from Scottish carritch, a corruption of catechise.

caramasg

contest, confusion ( Arms. M`F.): from car and measg?

caramh

beside; See caruibh.

càramh, càradh

condition, treatment:

carathaist

compulsory labour, cairiste, cairbhist.

carbad

a chariot, so Irish, Old Irish carpat, Welsh cerbyd, Old Breton cerpit, Gaulish carpentoracte, Carbantia, *karbanto-; Latin corbis, a basket; Norse hrip, pannier for peats on horse-back. Latin carpentum (English carpenter, etc.), seems borrowed from Gaulish. The root idea is "wicker", referring to the basket character of the body of these chariots.

carbad

jaw, jaw-bone, so Irish, Welsh car yr ên (car of the mouth), Breton karvan. The idea is "mouth chariot", from the resemblance between the lower jaw and the old wicker chariots. Loth cfs. Welsh carfan, beam, rail, row.

carbh

engrave, carve; from the English.

carbh

a particular kind of ship or boat (Islay); from Norse karfi, a galley for the fiords.

carbhaidh

carraway-seed; from the English.

carbhanach

a carp, Irish carbhán, Manx, caroo; from Norse karfi, English carp.

carcair

a prison, sewer in a cow-house, Irish carcar, prison, Early Irish carcair (do.); from Latin carcer, prison, barrier. cacair in Glenmoriston.

carcais

a carcase; from the English.

ca'rd

card wool, Irish cardaighim; from the English card.

cargo

a cargo, load; from the English.

Carghus

Lent, torment, Irish Corghas, Middle Irish corgus, Welsh garawys; from Latin quadragessima.

càrlàg

a lock of wool (Sh., H.S.D.), carla, a wool-card (Sh. Coneys for Irish); *card-la-, from card of English For phonetics, cf. òirleach.

càrlas

excellence, Irish carlamh, excellent, *co-er-lam-, erlam, clever, *air-lam? For lam, See ullamh.

càrn

heap of stones, cairn, Irish carn, Early Irish, Welsh carn, Breton karn, *kar-no-, root kar, be hard; Greek @Gkranaós, rock ( @Gkra-, @Gkar); further English hard, harsh. See carraig.

càrn

a horning. The Gaelic seems a confusion between còrn, horn, English horn, put to the horn, and càrn. M`F. gives àir chàrn for "outlawed", càrn-eaglais, excommunication.

càrn

a sledge, cart, peat cart, Irish carr, dray, waggon, Early Irish carr, biga, Welsh carr, biga, Old Breton carr, vehiculum (gl.), Gaulish chariot, career, carry, cargo, charge); from Celt. karso-; Latin currus (quors-), from qr@.s; English horse, hurry.

carnaid

red; from English carnation.

càrnag

(1) a she-terrier, (2) a small fish found in stony shores at ebb-tide. The first meaning from cárn, cairn. Terriers were used for cairn hunting.

carr

the flesh of the seal and whale (Heb.; Carmichael); founded on obsolete carn, flesh?

càrr

the itch, mange, superficial roughness, Irish carr; carrach, scabby, Middle Irish carrach, *karsâko-, from kars, be rough, hard; (*kors-ta-); further root kar, to be hard, rough. For càrr, rocky shelf, Irish carr, rock, See carraig.

carrachan

a frog-fish, called "cobler", Irish carrachán, the rock fish called cobler (Coneys). From carr, a rock. Also the word means "the wild liquorice root" - carra-meille, q.v.

carragh

a pillar stone, Irish carrthadh, cartha, Early Irish corthe. The root, despite the vocalic difficulty caused by the Early Irish form, is likely the same as in carraig; yet cf. kor of cuir, set.

carraid

conflict; from the root kars in càrr, "rough-work"?

carraig

rock, so Irish, Old Irish carric, Welsh careg, Old Welsh carrecc, Breton karrek, *karsekki- (so Rhys, R.C.@+17 102, who thinks Welsh borrowed), from root kars, hard, rough; Norwegian, herren, hard, stiff, harren, hard, English harsh, hard (root kar). See càrr.

carra-meille

wild liquorice, wood pease, Irish carra-mhilis. The name is explained as "knots of honey", the carra being the same as càrr, and meille the gen. of mil. Hence Scottish carmele, etc.

carran

spurrey, spergula arvensis, Irish carrán, scurvy grass. From the root kars of càrr. carran also means a "shrimp", and is of the same origin.

carran-creige

the conger; See carran above.

carrasan

hoarseness, wheezing, Irish carsán; from the root kars, be rough. See càrr. Cf. @Gkórnza, catarrh, rotz.

càrt

a quart, Irish cárt; from the English quart, Latin quartus.

cartan

a small brown insect that eats into the flesh, Irish cartán, a small brown insect that eats into the flesh, a crab. A Gadelicised form of partan, q.v.

carthannach

affectionate, charitable, Irish carthannach; from Latin caritas.

carthuinnich

dwell apart as in a cave, separate (M`F.). Cf. caruinnean, refuse of threshed corn, caruinnich, winnow. Possibly from the root kar, separate, a form of the root of sgar, q.v.

caruibh, an caruibh

beside, near. This is the dat.pl. of car.

cas

foot, leg, Irish cos, Old Irish coss, Welsh coes, *koksâ; Latin coxa, hip; Middle High German hahse, bend of the knee; Sanskrit kákshas, armpit.

cas

steep, sudden, Irish casach, an ascent, Middle Irish cass, rapid, *kasto-; English haste.

cas

curled, Irish, Middle Irish cas, curly, casaim, flecto; &qasto-, root qas; Norse haddr (has-da-), hair, English hair; Lithuanian kasa, hair-plait, Church Slavonic kosa, hair (Kluge). Stokes compares it with Latin quasillum, a basket, root quas.

cas

gnash the teeth, Irish cais, hate, Welsh câs, hate, Breton cas, *cad-s-to-; English hate, German hass, Gothic hatis. Of the same ultimate origin as cas, sudden (Strachan).

cas

fire (as a stone) (Suth.), seemingly founded on English cast. Cf. casadh ar a chéile = met (Irish).

càs

a difficulty, Irish cás; from Latin casus (English case).

casach

fishing tackle (part attached to hook): from cas.

casad, casad

a cough, Irish casachdach, Welsh pâs, peswch, Breton pas, *qasto-; English host, Anglo-Saxon hvósta, German husten; Lithuanian kósiu; Sanskrit kâsate, coughs.

casag

cassock, Irish casóg; from the English The Early Irish word is casal, from Latin casula.

casaid

a complaint, accusation, Irish casoid, Old Irish cossóit. The word is a compound, beginning with con, and seemingly of the same origin as faosaid, q.v. Stokes thinks that the word is borrowed from the Latin causatio; this is not likely, however. Root sen, Welsh cynhenn, quarrel.

casair

sea drift, Irish casair, a shower, Early Irish casair, hail, Welsh cesair (do.), Breton kazerc'h (do.), *kassri-, *kad-tri-; from root cad as in Latin cado, fall. The Irish and Gaelic (?) casáir, phosphorescence, seems to be the same word.

casan

a path, Irish casán; from cas, foot.

casan

a rafter, roof-tree; from cas?

casgair

slay, butcher, so Irish, Old Irish coscar, victory, destruction; *co-scar; See sgar.

casnaid

chips of wood (Arms.), Irish casnaidh; *co-+ snaidh, q.v.

caspanach

parallel (Sh.), Irish cospanach (O'R.); *co-spann; See spann.

castan

a chestnut; from Latin castanea, through Middle English castane, chestnut.

castaran

a measure for butter (quarter stone); from the English castor.

castreaghainn

the straw on a kiln below the grain (Arms., not H.S.D.):

cat

a cat, so Irish, Early Irish catt, Welsh cath, Cornish kat, Breton kaz, Gaulish Cattos; Latin catta, perhaps also catulus; English cat, German katze, etc. It is a word of doubtful origin; possibly, however, Celtic, and applied first to the wild cat, then to the tame Egyptian cat introduced in the early centuries of the Christian era.

cata, càta

sheep-cot, pen; from English cot.

catadh, catachadh

taming, càtadh (M`F.); cf. tataich.

catag

potatoe cellar (Dialectic); See cata.

catas

refuse at carding of wool, Irish cadás, cotton, scraping of linen rags; from English caddis. See further under caiteas.

cath

battle, Irish, Old Irish cath, Welsh cad, Old Welsh cat, Cornish cas, Gaulish catu-; Old High German hadu-, fight, Anglo-Saxon heaðo-, German hader, contention; Sanskrit çatru, enemy; Greek @Gkótos, wrath.

càth

chaff, husks of corn, Irish, Old Irish cáith, Welsh codem, a bag, husk, pod (?), *kûti-, root kât, kat, as in caith, spend, cast.

cathachadh

provoking, accusing, fighting, Irish cathaighim; from cath, fight.

cathadh

snow-drift, Irish cáthadh, snow-drift, sea-drift; cf. Middle Irish cúa, gen. cúadh, Welsh cawod, Old Cornish cowes, nimbus, Breton kaouad, *kavat (Stokes); allied to English shower. It is possible to refer the Gaelic word to the root of caith, càth.

cathair

a city, Irish, Early Irish cathair, Old Irish cathir *kastrex, Welsh caer, Breton kaer, *kastro-; Latin castrum, fort (Stokes). The root seems to be cat, cats; the phonetics are the same as in piuthar, for the final part of the word.

cathair

a chair, Irish cathaoir, Early Irish catháir, Welsh cadair, Breton kador; from Latin cathedra, whence also, through Greek, English chair.

cathan

a wild goose with black bill (Heb.); See cadhan.

cathan-aodaich

a web (M`D.):

càthar

mossy ground; See càir.

cathlunn

a corn (Sh.; not in H.S.D.); formed on Latin callum. See calum.

catluibh

cudwort; See cadh-luibh.

cè, cèath

cream, Middle Irish ceó, milk; cf. Breton koavenn, which suggests a form keivo- (cf. glé from gleivo-), root kei, skei, shade, cover, as in Greek @Gskiá, shadow, German schemen (do.)? The Breton koavenn has been refered to *co+hufen, Welsh hufen, cream. Cf. ceò, mist, "covering".

cé

the earth, used only in the phrase an cruinne cé, the (round) earth, Irish, Early Irish cé, for bith ché, on this earth. The cé is supposed to be for "this", from the pronomial kei, Greek @Gkei@nnos, he, Latin ce, cis, English he. The root kei, go, move (Latin cio, Greek @Gkíw), has also been suggested.

cè

give?

cè

spouse (Carm.), Irish cé:

ceaba, ceibe

the iron part of a spade or other delving instrument; See caibe.

cèabhar

a fine breeze (Heb.):

ceabhar

(Carm.), sky, (Prov.) ci'ar:

ceach

an interjection of dislike; See ceacharra.

ceacharra

dirty, mean, obstreperous (Carm.), Irish ceachair, dirt, Middle Irish cecharda, *kekari-; from kek, the e form of the root kak seen in cac, q.v.

ceachladh

digging, Irish ceachlaim, Old Irish ro-cechladatar, suffoderunt, *ce-clad-, a reduplicated or perfect form of the root clad of Gaelic cladh, q.v.

cead

permission, so Irish, Old Irish cet, *ces-do-; Latin ce@-do, I yield (for ces-dô).

ceadan

bunch of wool, Irish ceadach, cloth, coarse cloth, Welsh cadach, clout. Rhys regards Welsh as borrowed from Irish For all, cf. cadadh, caiteas.

ceadha

the part of the plough on which the share is fixed. Also ceidhe. Both words are used for English quay.

ceafan

a frivolous person (Dialectic):

ceàird

a trade, Early Irish cerd; See ceàrd.

ceal

stupor, forgetfulness, Irish ceal, forgetfulness; from the root qel of ceil, conceal. Cf. Early Irish cel, death. ceal, end ( Carm.).

++ceal

same, similar hue (Carm.):

cealaich

the fire-place of a kiln:

cealaich

eat (Kirk), Irish cealaim; root qel as in Latin colo?

cealair

a virago (Badenoch):

cealg

guile, treachery, so Irish, Early Irish celg, *kelgâ; Armenian ke??ch??, hypocrisy. The further root is qel of ceil.

ceall

g. cille, a church, so Irish, Early Irish cell; from Latin cella, a cell, a hermit's cell especially, whence the Gadelic use. Hence cealloir, superior of a cell, and the name Mackellar. "A retired spot" (Hend.).

cealtar

broad-cloth, Irish cealtair, clothes, Early Irish celtar, celt, raiment; from qel, cover, as in ceil, q.v.

ceana

whither, for c'iona, c'ionadh? Cf. Irish cá h-ionad. See ionadh.

ceanalta

mild, kind, so Irish; from *cen, as in cion, ++cean, love, desire. See cion.

ceangal

a tie, binding, so Irish, Early Irish cengal, Welsh cengl; from Latin cingulum, vb. cingo, I bind, English cincture.

ceann

head, so Irish, Old Irish cend, cenn, Welsh, Breton penn, Gaul, Penno-, *qenno. Perhaps for qen-no-, root qen (labialised), begin, Church Slavonic koni, beginning, as in ceud, first. The difficulty is that the other labialising languages and the Britonic branch otherwise show no trace of labialisation for qen. Windisch, followed by Brugmann, suggested a stem kvindo-, Indo-European root kvi, Sanskrit çvi, swell, Greek @GPíndos, Pindus Mount; but the root vowel is not i, even granting the possible labialisation of kvi, which does not really take place in Greek. Hence ceannag, a bottle of hay, ceannaich, buy (="heading" or reckoning by the head; cf. Dial. ceann, sum up), ceannaich, head-wind ( Hend.), ceannas, vaunting ( Hend.).

ceannach

a purchasing, so Irish, Early Irish cennaigim, I buy, Old Irish cennige, lixa, caingen, negotium.

ceannairc

rebellion, turbulence, so Irish; *ceann+arc; for root arc, See adharc. For meaning cf. English headstrong, Welsh penffest (do.).

ceannard

commander, chief, Irish ceannárd, arrogant, commanding, "high-headed", from ceann and àrd; Middle kinnoort, Irish ceannphort, commander, authority, head post or city: ceann+ port.

ceannrach, ceannraig

(Cam.), a brindle or horse's head-gear, Irish ceannrach; from ceann+ rach. For rach (root rig), See cuibhreach, àrachas.

ceannsaich

subdue, tame, Irish ceannsaighim; from ceannas, superiority, "head-ness", from ceann and the abst. termination as. Similarly ceannsal, rule.

ceap

a block, shoemaker's last, so Irish, Early Irish cepp, Welsh cyff, Breton kef; from Latin cippus.

ceap

catch, stop. This word seems borrowed from the Scottish kep, of like meaning, a bye-form of English keep. The Irish ceap, bound, bind, stop (?), seems from ceap above.

++ceapach

a tillage plot, Irish ceapach. This Stokes refers to a Celtic keppo-, garden, root kep, ka@-, Latin campus, Greek @Gke@npos, garden, German hube, piece of land. Satisfactory though the meaning be, the derivation is doubtful as involving the preservation of p, even though flanked by a second p (or -nó, i.e. kep-nó-, which is still more doubtful). Hence the common place name .

ceapag

a verse, an impromptu verse, carelessly sung verse, Early Irish cepóc, a chorus song: a rare word in Irish, and said to be Scottish Gaelic for Irish aidbsi, great chorus. From ceap, catch? cf. English catch, a chorus verse. Zimmer suggests that it stands Ce Póc, "kiss here", (?) sung by the girls as a refrain at gatherings!

ceapaire

bread covered with butter, etc. Irish ceapaire; from ceap, a block. Cf. ceapag, a wheel-barrow wheel.

cearb

piece, article of clothing, so Irish, Early Irish cerp, cutting, cerbaim; *kr@.bh, skr@.bh; Greek @Gkárfos, twig, English shrub; *(s)ker, cut, divide. Cf. Welsh carp, rag, cerpyn. Bezzenberger cfs. Middle High German herb, asper. St. now skerb, English sharp.

cearc

a hen, so Irish, Middle Irish cerc, *cercâ; from Indo-European qerqo, to sound, hence "a noise-making bird"; Greek @Gkérkos, a cock, @Gkréx, a fowl; Latin querquedula, a teal, Old Prus. kerko, a diver; Sanskrit kr@.ka-vâkus, a cock.

cearcall

a hoop, so Irish; from Late Latin circulus, circullus, a hoop, from circulus, a circle.

ceàrd

a craftsman, Irish céard, Early Irish cerd, Welsh cerdd, art; Latin cerdo, craftsman; Greek @Gkérdos, gain.

ceàrdach

a smithy, Irish céardcha, Old Irish cerddchae; from cerd+cae, the latter word cae meaning a house in Irish, a Celtic kaio-n, allied to English home.

ceard-dubhan

scarabæbus, dung-beetle, hornet (H.S.D. for form), ceardaman (M`A.); See cearnabhan. cearr-dubhan ( Carm.), "wrong-sided little black one".

cearmanta

tidy (Arms.); cearmanaich, make tidy (Perth):